![]() The associated burden from concurrent encoding and maintenance processing is reflected in sequential memory recall performance. ![]() Numerous tasks have been used to study short-term memory, including those involving sequential memory. This process of encoding and maintenance occurs concurrently until the memorized information is recalled or is no longer needed. Next, the information is transmitted to other brain regions where the information is maintained. First, information to be memorized is encoded via sensory brain regions (e.g., visual cortex). Short-term memory is one kind of memory function which can be considered to occur in three stages: encoding, maintenance, and recall. Memory is a fundamental cognitive function that is essential for daily life. Our results indicate that shorter processing time erodes sequential memory performance beginning at the level of visual encoding. ![]() Meanwhile, despite a loss of clarity in responsiveness to individual memory items in the fast task, frontal-theta activity was not different between tasks and exhibited particularly strong responses in both tasks during the holding period prior to recall. Compared to the slow task, occipital-theta activity was significantly lower in the fast task from the midterm until the ending of encoding, in correspondence with significantly lower recall for memory items in this same period. Common cortical target regions in the occipital and frontal cortex were identified in both tasks and related to visual encoding and memory maintenance, respectively. Particularly in the slow task, theta activity clearly modulated in accordance with the presentation of memory items. Therefore, we sought to clarify the mechanisms of sequential memory performance by analyzing theta-band (4–8 Hz) activity recorded via magnetoencephalogram in 33 participants during performance of a sequential memory task where memory items were presented at either slow or fast rates in accordance with longer or shorter ISIs, respectively. ![]() In sequential memory, performance can be artificially attenuated by shortening the inter-stimulus interval (ISI) between memory item presentations. However, mechanisms specifically driving memory performance remain poorly understood. Electrophysiological studies have demonstrated that theta-band activity is useful for investigating neural mechanisms of memory. ![]()
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